1. Govindan M, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, Burke JP. Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2005 Jan;112(1):104-108. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.07.033. [DOI] [PubMed]

2. Noorden GK vonl. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. 5th ed. New York: Mosby. 1996; p: 343.

3. Jenkins RH. Demographics: Geographic Variations in the Prevalence and Management of Exotropia. American Orthoptic Journal. 1992;42(1):82-87. doi: 10.1080/0065955X.1992.11981899. [DOI] [PubMed]

4. Rowe FJ, Noonan CP, Freeman G, DeBell J. Intervention for intermittent distance exotropia with overcorrecting minus lenses. Eye (Lond). 2009 Feb;23(2):320-25. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6703057. [DOI] [PubMed]

5. Kushner BJ. Conservative management of intermittent exotropia to defer or avoid surgery. J AAPOS. 2019 Oct;23(5):256.e1-256.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.06.010. [DOI] [PubMed]

6. Hutchinson AK. Intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2001 Sep;14(3):399-406. doi: 10.1016/s0896-1549(05)70237-6. [DOI] [PubMed]

7. Kelkar JA, Gopal S, Shah RB, Kelkar AS. Intermittent exotropia: Surgical treatment strategies. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jul;63(7):566-69. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.167109. [DOI] [PubMed]

8. Chen AM, Holmes JM, Chandler DL, Patel RA, Gray ME, Erzurum SA, et al. A Randomized Trial Evaluating Short-term Effectiveness of Overminus Lenses in Children 3 to 6 Years of Age with Intermittent Exotropia. Ophthalmology. 2016 Oct;123(10):2127-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.06.042. [DOI] [PubMed]

9. Cotter SA, Mohney BG, Chandler DL, Holmes JM, Repka MX, Melia M, et al. A randomized trial comparing part-time patching with observation for children 3 to 10 years of age with intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology. 2014 Dec;121(12):2299-310. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.021. [DOI] [PubMed]

10. Clarke MP. Intermittent exotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007 May-Jun;44(3):153-57. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-20070301-07. [DOI] [PubMed]

11. Hiles DA, Davies GT, Costenbader FD. Long-term observations on unoperated intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Oct;80(4):436-42. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1968.00980050438006. [DOI] [PubMed]

12. Haggerty H, Richardson S, Hrisos S, Strong NP, Clarke MP. The Newcastle Control Score: a new method of grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Feb;88(2):233-35. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2003.027615. [DOI] [PubMed]

13. Hardesty HH, Boynton JR, Keenan JP. Treatment of intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Feb;96(2):268-74. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910050136006. [DOI] [PubMed]

14. Burian HM. Pathophysiology of exodeviation. In: Manley DR. Symposium on horizontal ocular deviation. New York: C.V. Mosby Co. 1971; 119-27.

15. Schlossman A, Muchnick RS, Stern KS. The surgical management of intermittent exotropia in adults. Ophthalmology. 1983 Oct;90(10):1166-71. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34411-0. [DOI] [PubMed]

16. Reynolds JD, Wackerhagen M, Olitsky SE. Overminus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J. 1994;44(1):86-91. doi: 10.1080/0065955X.1994.11982018. [Link] [DOI]

17. Horwood AM, Riddell PM. Evidence that convergence rather than accommodation controls intermittent distance exotropia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar;90(2):e109-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02313.x. [DOI] [PubMed]

18. Kushner BJ. Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 May;117(5):638-42. doi: 10.1001/archopht.117.5.638. [DOI] [PubMed]

19. Kennedy JR. The correction of divergent strabisums with concave lenses. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1954 Dec;31(12):605-14. doi: 10.1097/00006324-195412000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed]

20. Caltrider N, Jampolsky A. Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology. 1983 Oct;90(10):1160-65. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34412-2. [DOI] [PubMed]

21. Bayramlar H, Gurturk AY, Sari U, Karadag R. Overcorrecting minus lens therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: Should it be the first therapeutic choice? Int Ophthalmol. 2017 Apr;37(2):385-90. doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0273-9. [DOI] [PubMed]

22. Poe GS. Eye care visits and use of eyeglasses or contact lenses. United States, 1979 and 1980. Vital Health Stat 10. 1984 Feb;(145):1-60. [PubMed]

23. Mohney BG, Cotter SA, Chandler DL, Holmes JM, Chen AM, Melia M, et al. A Randomized Trial Comparing Part-time Patching with Observation for Intermittent Exotropia in Children 12 to 35 Months of Age. Ophthalmology. 2015 Aug;122(8):1718-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.025. [DOI] [PubMed]

24. Chen AM, Erzurum SA, Chandler DL, Hercinovic A, Melia BM, Bhatt AR, et al. Overminus Lens Therapy for Children 3 to 10 Years of Age With Intermittent Exotropia A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(4):464-76. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0082. [Link] [DOI]