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Golden Staphylococci is one of the most common factors in skin and systemic infection. About 30% of people are carrying this bacterium in their skin and nose. Increased drug resistance in this microorganism and consequent infection, has gained the attention of scientific organization. Therefore we decided to determine the prevalence of nose carrier of this bacterium in healthy children in Gorgan schools. During the winter 1998 to March 1999 the sample has been taken from 1193 student’s nose with sterile cotton swab. These results showed that in 194 samples (16.3%) Staphylococci Aureus has been isolated, from these samples 114 cases belong to girls (16.1%) and 80 cases were boys (16.4%) that there is not a meaningful variation between them. The number of bacteria isolated from the villages children was 109 cases (17.6%) and in town’s children were 85 cases (14.8%), also this difference didn’t show significant difference. The prevalence of carrier among the 6-12 years old was 12-25.3%, which has got a significant meaning (P<0.001). Antibiotic resistance in the isolated S.aureus were tested and result showed that 34.8% of samples are resistant to Methicilin and 1.7% were resistant to Vancomycin, only 4% were sensitive to Penicillin. Therefore with regard to the results of this investigation, further researches are recommended in relation between strain’s of S.aureus that isolated from carrier’s and strain’s that isolated from patients and to determine their drug resistance in this region.

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Background and Objective: Considering the significant incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients, this study was done to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infection and drug sensitivity pattern, Tehran-Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, Staphylococcus aureus isolated and identified according to standard procedures from the wound infections of 614 patients referred to Baqiyatallah hospital, Tehran-Iran during 2006-07. The samples were examined and antibiogram was performed by disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar with 12 antibiotics. Results: 100 (16.28%) of wound infection of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 614 patients. The infection rate in men was twice compared to women. The highest rate 29 (29%) was observed in people aged 40 to 60 group. Also specimen's patients with immunosuppressive diseases (28 cases), surgical site infection (16 cases) and normal wounds (13 cases) were considered to be most prevalent isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that 96 (96%) of isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, 95 (95%) and 92 (92%) were resistant to penicillin and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Our result showed that 43% of strains were resistant at 11 antibiotics. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 16.28% of samples, with 43% antibiotic resistance. The highest sensitivity was toward to vancomycin.

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Background and Objective: Enterococci is gram positive bacteria which is the inhabitants of gastrointestinal tract. Hospital infections and antibiotic resistance to enterococci is increased. This study was done to determine the molecular evaluation of vanA and vanB genes of enterococci isolates resistant to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 113 isolates samples were collected and identified according to biochemical test and cultural characteristics in Ali ibn Abi Talib hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Antibiogram test was done to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. E-test strip was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory of concentration (MIC). PCR was used to detect the vanA and vanB genotype in Vancomycin and Teicoplanin resistance enterococci.

Results: 92%, 6.2% and 1.8% of isolated samles collocted from urine, blood culture and pleura fluid, respectively. According to phenotype, 18.6% and 17.69% were resistance to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, respectively. Resistance was observed in strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. VanA genotype was seen in all of the resistance isolated species.

Conclusion: This study showed that strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium have more antibiotic resistance to the Vancomycin and Teicoplanin, morever vanA genotype precence in all of resistance isolated samples.