Background & Objective: Anovulation is one of the most common causes of infertility and the increasing use of induction ovulation agents for treatment of these patients has been increased. This study was done to evaluate of neonatal outcome in pregnancies after ovarian stimulation in comparisons with spontaneous pregnancy.

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 398 pregnant women admitted to teaching Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from Nov 2004-Apr 2005 were assessed for neonatal outcomes. We compared the rate of multiple pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight, agars score of first and fifth minutes, apparent congenital anomalies, neonatal early death and the days of neonatal hospitalization at NICU in two groups of induction ovulation and spontaneous pregnancy. The data were analyzed by c2 and t student test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: From 398 pregnant women, 95 patients were pregnant after ovulation induction and 303 patients had spontaneous pregnancy. There was significant differences between two groups including: Multiple pregnancy, first minutes and fifth-minutes. Apgar scores, head circumference and admission in NICU (P<0.05). There was also effective dependence between induction ovulation and multiple pregnancy on premature delivery. The early neonatal death and apparent congenital anomalies had no significant differences between two groups.

Conclusion: We concluded that neonatal outcome of ouvlatory induced pregnancies is more unfavorable which probably is due to the multiple pregnancy premature delivery and maternal infertility background.

Background and Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most endocrine disorder in women. This study was done to determine the effect of N-acetylcysteine with letrozole to induction of ovulation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Methods: This clinical trail study was carried out on forty PCOS women with normal TSH, prolactin, hysterosalpingographies and normal spermograms. The patients in control group were received letrozole 5 mg/d for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. The patients in interventional group were received letrozole 5 mg/d with NAC 1.2 g/d (group II) for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. On 14^th day of cycle, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate endometrial thickness and follicles properties. If mature follicle detected, hCG was injected and timed coitus at 12, 36 and 60 hours later advised. β-hCG level was checked on day 16 after hCG injection.

Results: The mean of endometrial thickness and follicles ovulation in hCG injection day was similar in the two groups. The pregnancy rate was 15% and 20% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. The mean of follicles number was 1.13% and 1.47% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant.

Conclusion: NAC as an adjuvant to letrozole was not effective for ovulation induction in patients with PCOS.

Background and Objective: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) and its receptor express in developing follicles, fetal and reproductive tissues. The serum G-CSF concentration significantly increases during the ovulatory phase in comparison with other phases, so G-CSF may have an important role in ovulation and the early cross-talk between mother and conceptus in both human and animal models. This study was done to evaluate the Effect of exogenous G-CSF on ovulation and pregnancy rate in NMRI mice.

Methods: In this experimental study, 40 mature female and 10 male NMRI mice were randomly allocated into the control and treatment groups. All Ovaries were stimulated with intraperitoneal injections (IP) of 10 IU PMSG and after 48 hour by 10 IU hCG per mouse. The treatment group were recieved G-CSF (50mg/kg i.p.), at the time of PMSG administration, while the control group had the same volume of normal saline instead of G-CSF at the same time. 16-18 hours post-hCG administration, twenty female mice of both groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and ovulated oocytes were assessed. On day 16 post coitus, the rest of female mice of both groups were scarificed for withdrawing their fetuses to determine the effect of G-CSF on pregnancy rates.

Results: The ovulation rate in the treatment group (18.5±1.25) were significantly more than that of control (12.1±1.32) (P<0.05). The number of fetuses had no significant difference between control and treatment groups.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that exogenous G-CSF may affect on folliculogenesis and ovulation but the following pregnancy outcome was not impressed.