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Background & Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complications of pregnancy it’s about 5-7% in pregnants and it may complicate mother or fetus which ends with death. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the protein/creatinine ratio in prediction of 24-hour urine total among women with suspected preeclampsia. Materials & Methods: 60 women who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia at ?24 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively in Deziani Hospital Gorgan. There was no concurrent or preexisting systemic disease. They were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the determination of proteinuria. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P/C ratio. Results: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratios is strongly associated with the 24-hour total protein excretion (P<0.05, R=0.75). The best cut off of 0.5 yields a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratio could replace the 24-hour urine collection as a simple, faster more useful method for the diagnosis of significant proteinuria.

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Background&Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy it’s a bout 5-7 percent in pregnants and it may complicate mother or fetus which ends with death. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the protein / creatinine ratio in prediction of 24-hour urine total among women with suspected preeclampsia. Materials&Methods: 150 women who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia at ?20 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively in Az-zahra and Emam hospital Sari. There was no concurrent or preexisting systemic disease. They were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the determination of proteinuria. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P/C ratio. Results: The randome urinary protein to creatinine ratios is strongly associated with the 24-hour total protein excretion (P<0.05, r = 0.37). The best cut off of 0.175 yieldes a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 66%. Conclusion: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratio could replace the 24-hour urine collection as a simple, faster more useful method for the diagnosis of significant protenuria.

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Background & Objective: More than 50% of patients with hypertension will have end organ damage (such as: CHF, retinopathy ,CVA or renal failure).Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for death and cardiovascular disease .Both renal dysfunction and LVH are signs of end organ damage so we carried out this study to evaluate the correlation between LVH in echocardiography and kidney function in patients with essential hypertension. Materials & Methods: This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 102 patients whome reffered to 5 Azar hospital in Gorgan- Iran, suffering from essential hypertension and had proved LVH in echocardiography with no other disease during 2005-6. Kidney and urinary tract assessment such as serum BUN, Creatinine level and kidney sonography was done on subjects. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as a left ventricular mass index (LVMI)>=135g/m2 in men and>=110g/m2 in women. Renal function was estimated by means of the serum Creatinine level and proteinuria and sonographic findings of kidney and urinary tract. Data was analysed by Spss-11.5 and Chi-Squre test. Results: The average age of patients were 60±8.8. 58%, 36% and 7% of patients had mild, moderate and sever LVH respectivly. The means of Creatinine and BUN level were 1.09±1.12 mg/dl and 20.6±10.76 mg/dl had direct correlation with kidney dysfunction (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between LVH severity and presentse of Kidney scar in sonography (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that a very large fraction of the subjects with essential hypertension have kidney problems. Therefore, serum BUN and Creatinine level and sonographic scar of kidney can be reliable markers for assessing and controlling target organ damages that are induced by Essential hypertension.

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Background and Objective: Iron oxide nanoparticles have wide applications such as MRI contrast agent and drug delivery. Nevertheless, their effects on human health have not been fully investigated yet. After cellulose, chitin is one of the most abundant organic materials in nature which is widely used in food industry, cosmetics, agriculture, medicine and the environment. This study was done to evaluate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan on renal functional indeces in rat.

Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult female Wistar rats were allocated into 10 equal groups. Concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/bw from chitosan, iron oxide nanoparticles and chitosan coated nanoparticles were intraperitoneally injected into 9 groups and animals in control group were received normal saline. Blood samples were collected directly from the rat heart in the days 15 and 30 post after injection and renal functional indeces including urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium and total protein were measured.

Results: There were no significant differences in the level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium and total protein in the groups whom received chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles compared to control. There was no mortality during the study time.

Conclusion: Short-term using of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan does not create any toxicity in the rat kidney.

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Background and Objective: Iron oxide nanoparticles, including nanoparticles is important in industry and medicine. Nanoparticles affect on detoxification of environmental pollutants such as Pesticides and chlorinated organic solvents.This study was done to evaluate the short term effect of Fe2NiO4 composite nanoparticle on kidney function indeces in wistar rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, Twenty four Wistar rat were randomly allocated into three groups, including: control, treated groups 1 and 2. Animales in control, treated groups 1 and 2 were received 0.5cc of saline, 0.5cc of solution containing 100, 200 ppm Fe2NiO4 for 7 days, respectively. Uric acid, ceratinine and urea (BUN) were measured at day 2, 7 and 14.

Results: BUN level in treated groups 1 and 2 significantly reduced in comparison with control group at day 7, 14 after intervention (P<0.05). Uric acid level in treated groups 1 and 2 significantly increased at day 7 and 14. 2 week after intervention, the mean creatinine levels in treated group 2 group significantly reduced in compare  to the in treated group 1 and controls (P<0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that the application of Fe2NiO4 nanoparticles in biological system has no toxic effect on the kidney function indeces.

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Background and Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases with debilitating complications and mortality rate those results from insulin deficiency, resistance to it or both. The role of nutrition and some micronutrients in the development and progression of diabetes has been investigated. Studies have shown that Magnesium deficiency can reduce insulin secretion and cell resistance. This study was done to determine the association of serum Magnesium level with glycemic control, serum lipids and renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetic patients.
Methods: This case-control study was done on 70 patients with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes and 35 healthy individuals. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine and Magnesium were determined.
Results: Serum Magnesium level in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Serum Magnesium level had reverses correlation with HbA1c in diabetic patients. Serum Magnesium level had reverse correlation with glycemic index (FBS, 2hpp) and creatinine in control group (P<0.05) were evaluated in all groups but there was no significant correlation between Renal function test (Cr, eGFR) and serum Mg level.
Conclusion: Serum Magnesium levels in diabetics and pre-diabetics were lower than healthy individuals and had reverse correlation with HbA1c in diabetic patients.