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Background and Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors world -wide and the second common cancer in the females. Breast cancer is associated with a number of environmental factors and genetic damages. Ki67 is a proto-oncogene which is activated in cell proliferation process. Ki67 is important in prognosis and response to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the Ki67 gene expression in patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemistry method. Materials and Methods: This descriptive laboratory study was conducted on 80 breast cancer specimens from patients admitted to the hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2005-09. Samples were fixed in formalin, the tissue processing was done and sections were stained by Hematoxilin and Eosin method. The malignancy was diagnosed by two pathologists blindly. Over expression of ki67 was determined with the immunohistochemistry method. Slides were scored into negative, weak, average and strong based on percentage of cells which were stained. The Data were analyzed by SPSS-11.5, Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Ki67 proliferative marker was observed in 37 (46.3%) specimens with breast cancer. Sensivity of staining was one positive (+) in 15 cases, two positive (++) in 14 cases and three positive (+++) in 8 cases. There was a significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor type and tumor staging (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor grade. Conclusion: It is concluded that, ki67 is expressed mostly in invasive and developed breast cancer.

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Background and Objective: HIV-1 and HCV infections especially in co-infected forms are among the most important infections transferred during blood transfusion.The screening of the blood products is valuable for preventing the transmission of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of Co-infection HIV-1 and HCV Viruses in plasma samples.

Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was done to evaluate the use of multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in plasma samples. The amplified genomes were detectable in 3% agarose gel base on difference in the numbers of nucleotides. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay was determined on healthy and infected subjects whome simultanously exhibit HIV-1 and HCV co-infection using plasma samples.

Results: The specificity results showed that the primers used in this assay have no interaction with each other and other possible interfering agents. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay has been considered as 90% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion: Multiplex RT-PCR can be used for screening of blood donors due to high sensivity and specificity.

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Background and Objective: Internal derangement of knee (IDK) is a common problem following knee trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extensively is used to diagnose the ligamentous and meniscal injuries, but the use of ultrasonography remains controversial. Previous studies showed different results about the usefulness of sonography (IDK). This study was done to determine diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with knee trauma. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on internal knee disorders of 73 patients with knee trauma who referred to MRI center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Sari, Iran during 2009-10. Three radiologists independently reported the ultrasonography and MRI of the patients. Results: The study population comprised of 61 (83.6%) men and 12 (16.4%) women, 91.9% of patients were less than 40 years old. The joint pain was the most common complaint (89%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasonography for the lateral meniscus was 100%, 97.14%, 60%, 100%, for the medial meniscus were 61.90%, 94.23% ,81.25%, 85.96%, for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was 65%, 100%, 100%, 70.21% and for the medial collateral ligament (MCL) was 100%, 94.28, %42.86 and 100%. Conclusion: This study showed that the high specificity of ultrasonography as a noninvasive and inexpensive method to exclude the ACL and meniscal lesion. Ultrasonography can reasonably be applied for screening of internal derangement of knee in the absence of MRI, especially in urgent conditions. In clinical setting of highly suspicious of ACL and meniscal tear, MRI is preferred due to low sensitivity of sonography.

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Background and Objective: The etiology of childhood leukemia as the most common childhood malignancy remains largely unknown. This study was done to ascess the risk factors in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia in Shiraz-Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on 141 children younger than 18 years suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) whome resided at Fars Province of Iran during 2009. Patients were individually matched with 141 controls in respect to age, sex and residential area. Variables included: maternal age, parental education, father occupation, child birth weight and birth order, number of siblings, history of pet ownership including cat or dog, history of child day care attendance, history of leukemia in relatives, and history of mother diagnostic radiography during pregnancy. In order to evaluate the relationships between each variable and the risk of leukemia, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Chi-Square test. Results: The agricultural occupation fathers in case and control were 17% and 5.7%, respectivley (P<0.01). The association between risk of childhood lymphoblastic leukemia with birth order≥3 (OR=5.939, 95% CI: 2.646-13.331, P<0.01), pet ownership (dog or cat) (OR=2.582, 95% CI: 1.265-5.269, P<0.009) and history of leukemia in first and second degree relatives (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.252-10.633, P<0.027) was significant. No relationship was found between birth weight, day care attendance, history of miscarriage, number of siblings and history of mother diagnostic radiology tests with risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conclusion: This study showed that father occupation, birth order, pet and history of leukemia in relation are risk factors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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Background and Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder and is one the common conditions seen by gastroenterologists in their daily practice. This study was done to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Ardabil-Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 105 patients with IBS whome referred to the gastroenterology unit in Ardabil-Iran during 2009-10. Serum IgA anti tTG were measured all patients with positive for antibodies against tTG were candidated for upper endoscopy and biopsy. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, t-test, Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The average age of IBS subjects were 31.4±10.14 years (range 16-63 years). Celiac disease was diagnosed in 14 subjects (13.5%). The celiac patient age were 22-55 years with mean of 34.93±9.47. Among celiac afflicted patients IBS type D and M observed among 10 and 4 patients, respectivley. Celiac affected female constituted 12 (85.7%) of all patients (P<0.05). 10 of these patients were IBS-D and 4 with IBS-M. From 14 celiac patient 4 (28.57%) were family related, but this rate among IBS patient was 3.3%, this difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of celiac in patients with IBS is found to be 13.5% which seem is more than ther studies in other parts of Iran.

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Background and Objective: The anthracyclin drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is one of the most effective antineoplastic agents, and widely used to treat a number of malignancies. However, its use has been restricted due to the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms of Doxorubicin - induced cardiotoxicity is not entirely clear. This study investigates the effect of Doxorubicin on Bcl2 and Bax genes expression as key molecules that involve in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in rat heart. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study Doxorubicin administration, male Wistar rats were exposed to intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg, six times for 2 weeks, n=20). Animals were randomly assigned to the healthy untreated control (n=10) and to the Doxorubicin treatment groups (n=10). Three weeks after completion of treatment myocardial fibrosis, Bcl2 and Bax genes expression were investigated by Masson’s trichrome staining and Real Time- PCR analysis respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-16 and independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney and Kaplan-Meyer method. Results: Masson’s trichrome staining showed that Doxorubicin increased fibrosis in the cardiac muscle (16.4±1) in compare to control group (1±0.79). Real Time- PCR analysis showed that Doxorubicin decreased Bcl2 expression levels (0.1±0.07) and increased Bax expression levels (2.1±0.1) in the myocardium in compare to control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: This study showed that administration of Doxorubicin increase interstitial fibrosis of myocardium and Bax expression levels and decrease Bcl2 expression that are the key genes of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway.

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Background and Objective: The exposures related to the department of radiology can be considered as harmful agent for human. This study was done to assess the partial distribution of the equivalent dose in radiology waiting room in Ardabil, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done in the radiology department and related waiting rooms of 4 teaching hospital and 3 private radiology sonography centers in Ardabil, Northwest of Iran, during 2011. The variables including type of radiography, the number and condition, staying duration in waiting room were considered for dosimetry. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 and Chi-Square test. Results: The lowest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiology sonography center with 0.2±0.002 µS.h^-1V, but for each radiography were determined to be 0.00275±0.004 µS.h^-1V. The highest radiation dose belong to one specialist radiography sonography center with 0.4±0.045 µS.h^-1V and for each radiography was 0.016±0.0006 µS.h^-1V. Two teaching hospitals accompanied with three privates centers showed to have radiation dose-rate higher than 0.3 µS.h^-1V (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the increasing radiation-dose rate (higher than 0.3 µS.h^-1V) in teaching hospitals and private centers can be related to either the unit life or inadepuate of radiological protective shield.

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Background and Objective: Triage is the most important and the first stage of patient’s management at the time of arrival to hospital emergency department. Emergency severity index (ESI) is a common triage system worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of ESI in emergency department of Imam Hossein hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study the result of patients’ triage based on ESI were gathered for all patients referred to emergency department of Imam Hossein Hospital from January to April 2011. A questioner was filled for each patient by the nurse and a emergency specialist independently. The l for the degree of agreement of triage between nurse and clinician was 81% (95% CI: 0.79-0.83). The sensivity of triage for step I, II, III, IV and V were 100%, 53.2%, 90.7%, 67.1% and 98% respectively. The specificity of triage for step I, II, III, IV and V were 99.8%, 97.5%, 93.7%, 98.3% and 94% respectively. There was a significant overlapping between the triage step and the patient clinical outcome. Conclusion: This study showed that five steps triage contain a high accuracy and estimation of patient outcomes.

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Background and Objective: Impacted molars teeth, especially third molar, are important in most branches of medical sciences. The angular position of molar teeth is in side effects and therapeutic regiment. This study was conducted to determine the angle of the impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 429 patients (269 men and 160 women) selected for surgery on impacted mandibular third molar in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic in Gorgan, Iran during 2010-11. Pre-operative diagnosis was done by physical examination and OPG radiography. Demographic characterstics including age, gender, ethnicity, impaction angle were recorded for each subject. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, independent t-test and chi-square test. Results: Totally, 480 impacted third molars were studied. Mean age of patients was 26.06±6.21 years. Impaction of the third molar was more prevalent among men (62.7%) than women (38.30%). Impacted mandibular third molar of 189 people (44.1%) were in left side in 200 people (46.6%) were in right side and in 40 people (9.3%) were bilateral. According to impaction angle, mesioangular (41.7%) and distoangular (3.5%) types had the highest and the lowest frequency, respectively. In bilateral cases, the mesioangular-mesioangular type (48.8%) was the most prevalent. The mesioangular type was the most prevalent in all ethnic groups. The most prevalent angular position of the impacted third molar was the mesioangular type in both sexes. Conclusion: This study showed that the most prevalent angular position of impacted mandibular third molar is the mesioangular type.

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Background and Objective: The incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is varied according to race, geographical situation and other predisposing factors. This study was carried out to determine the incidence rate of NTDs and its risk factors in Yasuj, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case - control study was done on live newborns in Imam Sajad hospital, Yasuj, Iran during 2000-10. 78 neonates with NTDs out of 36755 live newborns were considered as cases. The control group was also consisting of the same number of healthy neonates who born at the same period and in the same hospital. Data were collected by a check-list and analyzed using SPSS-19, Chi-Square, Logistic regression and odd’s ratio. Results: The incidence rate of NTDs was 2.12 per 1000 live births. Anencephaly and Spina Bifida was detected in 59 (75.6%) and 19 (24.3%) of affected newborns, respectively. The ratio of females to males was 1.5 times. 53.85% of mothers with affected newborns were grouped in 27-36 years age range. The mean number of pregnancies and abortion between two groups of mothers had no statistical significant differences. There is no significant relation between the mothers occupation and the incidence of NTDs. 10 (12.8%) of mothers from case group and 7 (8.97%) of mothers from control group have used tobacco. 52 (66.7%) of mothers of case group and 30 (38.5%) of controls did not consumed folic acid. The relation between non-user folic acid during pregnancy with NTDs was significant (95% CI: 1.4-6.15, OR=2.93, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed relatively high incidence of NTDs in Yasuj. Non-consuming folic acid increased the risk of NTD by 2.93 times.

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Background and Objective: Antiepileptic drugs can partiality control or achieve the convulsion. There are controversial issues about the use and effect of ethanol to control epileptic convulsion seizers. This study was done to determine the effect of ethanol on microvascular alterations in the brain cortex of epileptic mice treated by valporic acid (VPA). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 36 BALB/c mice were allocated randomly into six groups including: 1-PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol), 2- Ethanol, 3- VPA+ PTZ, 4- ethanol + PTZ, 5-ethanol+ VPA+ PTZ and control groups. The animal brains were excluded and stained by Hematoxilin and eosin. Thirty-six optical microscopic field from each group were selected and microvascular count were determined. Immunohistochemical method was used for detection of injuries in the vascular brain tissue. Results: Mean number of brain microvascular cortex significantly increaed in PTZ+ethanol and PTZ+ethanol+VPA groups in compare to controls (P<0.05). Infiltration and thrombophlebitis were observed in vessels and cortical brain tissues in mice which received ethanol and PTZ. Proliferations in endothelial vascular cells were seen in PTZ and VPA+ethanol groups. Immunohistochemical method showed the endothelial cells of PTZ+ethanol groups were more stained in compare to the other experimental groups. Conclusion: Ethanol + PTZ cause cellular infiltration and damage to the cortical brain vessels although VPA reduces histological altheretions.

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Background and Objective: Different coagulants including aluminum sulfate (Alum) and Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) are used for water clarification process and deposition of colloidal particles. The use of coagulants causes some residual aluminum in water. The residual aluminum higher than 0.2 mg/l, has adverse effects on human health and environment. This study was conducted to determine the amount of residual aluminum by applying Polyaluminium chloride and aluminum sulfate for turbidity removal from turbid water. Methods: In this laboratory study, the experiments were run by using synthetic water having low (10-30 NTU), medium (100-130 NTU) and high (200-230 NTU) initial turbidities. Synthetic turbid water was prepared by adding stock kaolin suspension into distilled water. Samples of 1 liter of water were poured on 6 Jars. After adjusting of pH, coagulant was added into each beaker at various doses and agitated at 100 rpm for 30s. The mixing speed was then reduced to 20 rpm and kept for another 15 minutes. The suspensions were left for sedimentation and after 30 minutes of sedimentation, clarified samples were collected from the top of the beakers. Residual turbidity and residual aluminum was measured. The residual turbidity was measured using a Turbidimeter according to Nephlometric method. The residual aluminum was determined by Eriochrome cyanine R method. Results: Residual alminium in low, medium and high turbidities was 0.006 mg/l, 0.05 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l by applying Polyaluminum Chloride and 0.065 mg/l, 0.15 mg/l and 0.22 mg/l by applying alum, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dosage of Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride with residual aluminium (P<0.05). Conclusion: Polyaluminum Chloride due to low sensitivity to pH variation and less residual aluminum in treated water is more suitable than alum coagulant and could be used as a recommended water coagulant.

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Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection is the second common bacterial infection in children. Constipation as a risk factor in urinary tract infection was reported by several studies. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between rectal diameter and constipation with urinary tract infections in children. Methods: This case – control study was performed on 40, 2-12 years old hospitalized children with urinary tract infections as cases and 40 healthy children with the same age as controls in Boali Hospital in Sari, Iran. Rectal diameter was measured by ultrasonography. Demographic characteristics, rectal diameter, during of infectious and disease clinical signs were recorded for each subject. Results: Constipation was observed in 62.5% and 17.5% of cases and controls, respectively (P<0.05). Rectal diameter was 47.64 mm and 26.48 mm in case and control groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding to increasing of rectal diameter in patients with urinary tract infections in comparison with healthy subjects, ultrasonography can be a reliable method either to confirm or reject the presence of constipation in urinary tract infections.

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Background and Objective: Human erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycosylated hormone with molecular weight of about 40 KDa which is synthesized in kidneys and plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of erythrocytes.This study was done to assess and analyze the expression of recombinant EPO in Leishmania tarentolae host. Method: In this descriptive study, the EPO gene was codoned , optimized with bioinformatics database prior to be synthesized. It was cleaved by KpnIandXbaI enzymes and cloned into pLEXSY expression vector. The constructed expression cassette was transfected into Leishmania tarentolae through electroporaton method. Identification and confirmation of transfected colonies was performed using PCR expression diagnostic primers and EPO specific primers. Induction of the cloned gene was done with tetracycline. The expression in induced strains was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting techniques. The amount of recombinant protein was quantified by ELISA method. Confirmation of cloning and EPO expression cassette was carried out through genetic engineering procedures. Results: Expression analysis of transfected parasitic strain with SDS-PAGE and western blotting confirmed gene integration into chromosomal of host as well as expression. The optimal conditions for expression were found to be 10μg of tetracycline and 72h induction time. Molecular weight of expressed protein estimated to be 40 KDa and expression level was determined to be 12.4 mg/l which was equal to 1% of total protein mass. Conclusion: EPO expression cassette for cloning and expression in Leishmania tarentolae was designed and protein of interest was successfully induced and identified Leishmania tarentolae can be used as a suitable host for production of recombinant EPO and this technology has a potential for localization.

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Background and Objective: Imperforate anus is a common anorectal malformation, which is associated with other anomalies. This study was done to determine the associated malformations in newborns with imperforate anus in northern Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 40 hospitalized newborns (24 boys and 16 girls) with imperforate anus in Taleghani teaching hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2006-10. Results: From 40 newborns with imperforate anus, 23 newborns (57.5%) had associated anomalies. The commonest associated anomalies was genitourinary (65.2%) followed by heart (47.8%), gastrointestinal (13%) and musculoskeletal anomalies (8.7%). Conclusion: Associated anomalies in newborns with imperforate anus in northern Iran have a high prevalence in comparison with other reports.

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Background and Objective: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful biological antioxidant which is involved in metabolism and energy production as a co-factor in mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme complex. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and alpha lipoic acid supplement on insulin resistance in females with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 44 females with type 2 diabetes divided into four groups including: control, supplementation, training and supplementation + training groups. Patients of supplementation and complex (supplementation + training) groups took three 100mg ALA capsules per day for eight weeks. The training program consisted of 8 weeks and three sessions per week. In each session, the subjects warmed up for 10-15 minutes, ran on a treadmill with the intensity of 40-50% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes and then cooled down for 5-10 minutes. Blood samples were taken after 12-14 hours fasting in two stages - the beginning and the end of the eighth week. Results: Eight weeks of taking ALA supplements significantly reduced patients' insulin resistance (P<0.05). Eight weeks of running on a treadmill with an intensity of 40-50% of maximum heart rate non-significantly reduced insulin resistance in the training group compared to the controls. In the supplementation + training group a significant reduction of insulin resistance was observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: Alpha lipoic acid supplementation reduces insulin and insulin resistance. While, reduction in fasting blood glucose level causes reduction in insulin resistance in the combination of supplementation and training.

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Background and Objective: Some problems such as low viability and apoptosis after injection to the body because of exposure to toxic factors such as hypoxia, thermal stress, oxidative stress and food deprivation are encountered with stem cell application. It is suggested that preconditioning of the cells with cytotoxic factors before injection could enhance their efficiency. This study was done to determine the mesenchymal stem cell proliferation exposed to hypoxia by cobalt chloride. Methods: In this experimental study, Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured at least for four times. The cells were cultured in 96 well plates and treated with different concentration (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70, 90, 100, 120, 150 and 200 µM) of cobalt chloride for 6, 12, 24 and 46 hours. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide]. Results: The cells isolated from bone marrow were propagated easily in culture condition. The cells morphology was not altered after exposure to cobalt chloride. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with 120 µM for 6 hours, 20µM for 12 and 24 hours and 5µM for 48 hours significantly improved cell proliferation after hypoxia in cell culture (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypoxia preconditioning increases proliferation of mesenchymal stem cell.

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Background and Objective: Malnutrition is considered as one of most serious disorder in childhood. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its relation to serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium in 6-36 months hospitalized children. Methods: In this case-control study upon CDC chart, 166 children were in control group diagnosed with no malnutrition and 151 children were also in case group with malnutrition. BMI and serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium were measeared for each child. Results: Out of 151 children with malnutrition, 128 (84.76%) and 23 (15.23%) were involved in mild and moderate malnutrition, respectively. The serum level of Magnesium and Zinc in case group was non-significantly lower than controls, while the serum level of Calcium and Iron non-significantly higher than controls. BMI was significantly reduced in cases in compared to controls and this reduction was related with malnutrition (95% CI: 0.38-0.59, OR=0.47, P<0.05). Conclusion: Malnutrition in 6-36 month children was not related to serum level of Zinc, Magnesium, Iron and Calcium, while children with malnutrition had lower body mass index.

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Background and Objective: Raw water is one of the main sources of water supply in some communities. Filteration of surface water resources is a challenging point in the rainy seasons due to the highly turbidity. This study was done to evaluate the removal of turbidity in raw water using chitosan in electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes. Methods: In this the descriptive –analytical study, a Plexiglas electrocoagulation reactor in a lab scale to an approximate volume of 6 liter which was equipped with four aluminum electrodes having dimension of 200×20×2 mm was proposed. The effects of operating parameters including pH (5 to 9), applied voltage (10 to 30 V), the initial turbidity (100-600 NTU), initial chitosan concentration (0.5-2 mg/L) and contact time (5 to 30 min) were evaluated. Results: Turbidity removal efficiency was over 100% (pH=7, applied voltage=30 V and initial turbidity concentration of 100NTU) in the application of electrocoagulation with chitosan but in the application of electrocoagulation without chitosan removed 87% of turbidity in the same condition. Conclusion: Chitosan as coagulant aid in low amount can increase turbidity removal efficiency rather than application of electrocoagulation alone.

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Background and Objective: Sodium Arsenite is an environmental pollutant which can generate free radicals causing tissue damage. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Green Tea (GTE), as a strong antioxidant, on kidney tissue in mice treated with Sodium Arsenite. Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male NMRI mice were randomly allocated into four groups including: control, GTE (100mg/kg/day), Sodium Arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and Sodium Arsenite + GTE, for 34 days, orally. Animals were scarified and left kidney was taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained using Heidenhain'azan method. Using stereological technique the total volume of kidney, volume of cortex, medulla, proximal and distal tubule, renal corpuscle, gelomerelus, tuft and capillary, membrane and space of Bowman's capsule and length of proximal and distal tubule were determined. Creatinine, BUN and MDA serum samples were measured. Results: The mean of total volume of cortex, proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle and gelomerolus, taft, Bowman's capsule space, size of epithelium and lumen of proximal and distal tubule were significantly reduced in Sodium Arsenite group compared to control (P<0.05). These parameters were significantly increased in the Sodium Arsenite + GTE group in comparison with Sodium Arsenite group (P<0.05). The creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and MDA were significantly increased in the Sodium Arsenite group in compared to the control group (P<0.05). These parameters were significantly reduced in the Sodium Arsenite + GTE group in comparison with Sodium Arsenite group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Green tea has a protective role in Sodium Arsenite induced nephrotoxicity.