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Background and Objective: Fusarium solani is the common etiological agent of fungemia and disseminated fusariosis, which is associated with high incidence of mortality in immune-compromised host. Due to high level of resistance of antifungals in Fusarium solani, rapid and specific identification of organism is essential. This study was done to evaluate the PCR method for rapid and specific diagnosis of Fusarium solani in serum samples of HIV positive patients. Methods: In this descriptive study, the PCR test based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene as the target gene with 330 bp product was optimized. PCR was applied on 45 serum samples of HIV positive patients after evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the test. Results: In the optimized PCR test, the 330 bp product was amplified. The sensitivity of the test was a copy of Fusarium solani genome, and its specificity was 100%. Among 45 serum samples, 9 cases (20%) were positive for Fusarium solani. Conclusion: The PCR method has functional capabilities for direct, rapid and specific clinical diagnosis of Fusarium solani in HIV positive patients.

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Background and Objective: Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria, is one of the most important factor in causing of respiratory infections. Serological and molecular detection methods have their own limitation. Due to this limitation, the application of these methods in all diagnostic laboratories is not possible. Therefore this study was done to determine the rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumonia by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study, nasopharynx samples were collected from 92 patients with atypical pneumonia. DNA sample were extracted by boiling method. Six specific primer pairs were designed for LAMP technique by primer explorer ver 4 software. LAMP product identified by adding SYBR Green. Limit of detection and specificity tests have been done for optimizing LAMP test and optimized test carry out for each sample. Results: The LAMP test was optimized using the large Bst enzyme fragment at 66 degree temperature for 1 hour. The detection limit of the test obtained 1 CFU and the DNA replication does not observed in non of the examined pathogenic factors. Out of 92 clinical samples using LAMP technique, 73 cases were negative (80%) and 19 cases were positive (20%). Conclusion: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique is simple, convenient and available method for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.